 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 653-662
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-04
Length-Weight
Relationship and Condition Factor of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor sp.) from Selected Wild and Cultured Populations Across Peninsular Malaysia
(Hubungan Panjang-Berat dan Faktor Keadaan Mahseer Malaysia (Tor sp.) daripada Populasi Liar dan Ternak Terpilih di Seluruh Semenanjung Malaysia)
NOOR
HALIZA MOHAMED IBRAHIM1, NUR FARHANA MOHD YUSOFF2, MOHD
SHAFIQ ZAKEYUDDIN3, SHAHRIL MOD HUSIN3, SIMON KUMAR DAS4,
SHUKOR MD NOR2 & SHAIRAH ABDUL RAZAK1,5,*
1Genetics Program, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 7
August 2024/Accepted: 6 December 2024
Abstract
Biometric data is essential
for effective fisheries management, particularly for the Malaysian mahseer (Tor sp.), a potential aquaculture species currently listed as ‘Data Deficient’. Wild
populations are declining due to habitat degradation, while current aquaculture
practices fall short of meeting market demand. This study investigates the
length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor (K) of Malaysian mahseer
populations, with samples categorized by origin (wild: n=25; cultured fish:
n=29) based on their respective sampling locations. Wild fish ranged from 12.00
to 46.00 cm in length and 22.00 to 1060.00 g in weight, while cultured fish
ranged from 15.30 to 41.30 cm in length and 63.71 to 559.22 g in weight.
Separate LWR regression analyses showed hypoallometric growth in both populations (bwild = 2.614, bcultured = 1.779), with wild
fish exhibiting stronger length-weight correlations (R² = 0.96) compared to
cultured fish (R² = 0.52). The K-values were higher in the cultured population
(Kcultured = 1.891 vs Kwild = 1.203), highlighting the controlled
environment’s positive influence on growth. By distinguishing the biometric
characteristics of wild and cultured populations, this study provides critical
insights for enhancing aquaculture practices and conserving wild mahseer
populations in Peninsular Malaysia.
Keywords: Fish
biometric; Fulton’s condition factor; growth pattern; length-weight
relationship; Malaysian mahseer
Abstrak
Data biometrik penting bagi pengurusan perikanan yang berkesan seperti spesies Ikan Kelah dengan potensi akuakultur yang kini tersenarai sebagai ‘Kekurangan Data’. Bilangan populasi ikan liar semakin menyusut kesan daripada kemerosotan habitat, manakala amalan akuakultur sedia ada tidak berjaya memenuhi permintaan pasaran. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji hubungan panjang-berat (LWR) dan faktor keadaan (K) bagi populasi Kelah dengan sampel dikategorikan mengikut asal-usul (liar:
n=25; ternak: n=29) berdasarkan lokasi persampelan masing-masing. Ikan liar berjulat panjang antara 12.00 ke 46.00 cm dan berat 22.00 ke 1060.00 g, manakala ikan ternak berjulat panjang antara 15.30 ke 41.30 cm dan berat 63.71 ke 559.22 g. Analisis regresi LWR berasingan bagi kedua-dua populasi liar dan ternak menunjukkan tumbesaran hipoalometrik (bliar = 2.614, bternak = 1.779), yang mana korelasi panjang-berat ikan liar lebih kuat (R2 = 0.96) berbanding ikan ternak (R2 = 0.52). Nilai K lebih tinggi dalam populasi ternak (Kternak = 1.891 berbanding Kliar = 1.203), menonjolkan pengaruh positif persekitaran terkawal terhadap pertumbuhan. Dengan membezakan ciri biometrik populasi ikan liar dan ternak, kajian ini menyediakan maklumat penting dalam penambahbaikan pengurusan akuakultur serta usaha pemeliharaan Ikan Kelah liar di Semenanjung Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Biometrik ikan; Faktor keadaan Fulton; corak tumbesaran; hubungan panjang-berat; kelah Malaysia
REFERENCES
Abd Hamid, M., Mansor,
M. & Mohd Nor, S.A. 2015. Length-weight
relationship and condition factor of fish populations in Temengor Reservoir: Indication of environmental health. Sains Malaysiana 44(1): 61-66.
https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2015-4401-09
Abdellatif, M., Mohammed-AbdAllah,
E., AbouelFadl, K.Y. & Osman, A.G. 2022. Age and
growth of Chrysichthys auratus (Geoffroy 1809) (Family: Claroteidae) from Lake
Nasser, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 48(4): 417-424.
Abdoli, L., Kamrani,
E., Abdoli, A. & Kiabi,
B. 2009. Length-weight relationships for three species of mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in the
coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(2): 236-237. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01232.x
Abdul Salam, M.N. & Gopinath, N. 2006.
Riverine fish and fisheries in Malaysia: An ignored resource. Aquatic
Ecosystem Health and Management 9(2): 159-164.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980600728784
Baek, S.H., Park, S.H., Moon, J.S. & Kim,
J.H. 2020. Length–weight relationship for 16 freshwater fish species
(Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
in the Han River, South Korea. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 50(2): 215-217.
https://doi.org/10.3750/AIEP/02850
Chong, V.C., Lee, P.K.Y. & Lau, C.M.
2010. Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal
of Fish Biology 76(9): 2009-2066.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02685.x
Collen, B., Whitton, F., Dyer, E.E.,
Baillie, J.E.M., Cumberlidge, N., Darwall,
W.R.T., Pollock, C., Richman, N.I., Soulsby, A.M.
& Bohm, M. 2014. Global freshwater species congruence. Global Ecology
& Biogeography 23: 40-51.
Das, S.K. & Mazlan, A.G. 2008.
Length-weight and length-length relationships of archer and puffer fish
species. The Open Fish Science Journal 1(1): 19-22.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874401x00801010019
Das, S.K., De, M. & Mazlan, A.G. 2014.
Length-weight relationship and trophic level of hard-tail scad Megalaspis cordyla. ScienceAsia 40(5): 317-322.
https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2014.40.317
Esa, Y. & Abdul Rahim, K.A. 2013. Genetic
structure and preliminary findings of cryptic diversity of the Malaysian
mahseer (Tor tambroides Valenciennes: Cyprinidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA and
microsatellite analyses. BioMed Research International 2013: 170980.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/170980
Froese, R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor
and weight-length relationships: History, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241-253.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Froese, R., Tsikliras,
A.C. & Stergiou, K.I. 2011. Editorial note on weight-length relations of
fishes. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 41(4): 261-263. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2011.41.4.01
Gleick, P.H. 1998. The human right to water. Water
Policy 1: 487-503.
Guino-o, R.S. 2012. Length-weight and length-length
relationships and fulton condition factor of
Philippine mullets (Family Mugilidae: Teleostei). Silliman
Journal 53(2): 176-189.
Ighwela, K.A., Ahmed, A.B. & Abol-Munafi, A.B. 2011. Condition factor as an indicator of
growth and feeding intensity of Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) feed on different levels of maltose. American-Eurasian
Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 11(4): 559-563.
Jisr, N., Younes, G., Sukhn,
C. & El-Dakdouki, M.H. 2018. Length-weight
relationships and relative condition factor of fish inhabiting the marine area
of the Eastern Mediterranean city, Tripoli-Lebanon. Egyptian Journal of
Aquatic Research 44(4): 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.004
Karachle, P.K. & Stergiou, K.I. 2012. Morphometrics
and allometry in fishes. In Morphometrics, edited by Walh,
C. InTech. doi:10.5772/34529
Karna, S.K., Mukherjee, M., Ali, Y., Manna,
R.K. & Suresh, V.R. 2020. Length–weight relations of fishes
(Actinopterygii) from Chilika Lagoon, India. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 50(1): 93-96. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIEP/02640
Keat-Chuan, N.C., Aun-Chuan,
O.P., Wong, W.L. & Khoo, G. 2017. An overview of the status, trends and
challenges of freshwater fish research and conservation in Malaysia. Journal
of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 3(2): 7-21.
https://doi.org/10.18331/sfs2017.3.2.2
Kuriakose, S. 2017. Estimation of length weight
relationship in fishes. In Course Manual Summer School on Advanced Methods
for Fish Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management. Lecture Notes Series
No. 2/2017. CMFRI; Kochi, Kochi. pp. 215-220.
Kurtela, A., Antolović,
N., Glavić, N. & Kožul,
V. 2019. Length-weight relations and monthly occurrence of juvenile fish
species from the Donji Molunat Bay, Croatia (South-East Adriatic Sea). Naše more 66(3): 1-5. DOI 10.17818/NM/2019/3.7
Langel, R.A. 1982. Understanding Analysis of
Covariance (ANCOVA). 9: 250-253.
http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/rh232/courses/EPS625/Handouts/ANCOVA/Understanding
ANCOVA.pdf
Lau, M.M.L., Lim, L.W.K., Ishak, S.D., Abol-Munafi, A.B. & Chung, H.H. 2021. A
review on the emerging Asian aquaculture fish, the Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides): Current status and the way forward. Proceedings
of the Zoological Society 74: 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-021-00368-4
Le Cren, E.D.
1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and
condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20:
201-219.
Lewis, C. 2010. Multiple comparisons. International Encyclopedia of Education 3: 312-318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01562-1
Mohamad Radhi, A., Nurul Fazlinda, M.F., Amal, M.N.A. & Rohasliney,
H. 2017. A review of length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes in
Malaysia. Transylvanian Review of Systematical and
Ecological Research 20(1): 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1515/trser-2018-0005
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. 4th
ed. Wiley.
Ndiaye, W., Diouf, K., Samba, O., Ndiaye,
P., Panfili, J., Marbec,
U.M.R. & Bataillon, P.E. 2015. The length-weight
relationship and condition factor of white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus, Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1817) at the
south-west coast of Senegal, West Africa. International Journal of Advanced
Research 3(3): 145-153.
Patiyal, R.S., Mir, J.I., Sharma, R.C., Chandra,
S. & Mahanta, P.C. 2014. Pattern of meristic and morphometric variations
between wild and captive stocks of endangered Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 84: 123-129.
Pervaiz, K., Iqbal, Z., Mirza, M.R., Javed, M.N., Naeem, M. & Ishtiaq,
A. 2012. Length-weight, length-length relationships and feeding habits of wild
Indus Mahseer, Tor macrolepis from Attock, Pakistan. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 28(4): 673-676.
Pinder, A.C., Britton, J.R., Harrison, A.J., Nautiyal, P., Bower, S.D., Cooke, S.J. & Raghavan, R.
2019. Mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes of the world: Status, challenges and
opportunities for conservation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 29: 417-452.
Pope, K.L. & Kruse, C.G. 2007. Ch 10:
Condition. In Analysis and Interpretation of Freshwater Fisheries Data,
edited by Guy, C.S. & Brown, M.L. American Fisheries Society. p. 961.
Ragheb, E. 2023. Length-weight relationships and
well-being factors of 33 fish species caught by gillnets from the Egyptian
Mediterranean waters of Alexandria. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 49(3): 361-367.
Satilmis, H.H., Sumer, C., Ozdemir,
S. & Bayrakli, B. 2014. Length-weight
relationships of the three most abundant pelagic fish species caught by
mid-water trawls and purse seine in the Black Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 55(2): 259-265.
Schneider, C.A., Rasband,
W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ:
25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9: 671-675.
Solomon, S.G., Okomoda,
V.T. & Ogbenyikwu, A.I. 2015. Intraspecific
morphological variation between cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus(Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes). Fisheries & Aquatic Life 23(1): 53-61.
Stergiou, K.I. & Politou,
C.Y. 1995. Biological parameters, body length-weight and length-height
relationship for various species in Greek waters. NAGA 18:
42-45.
Swain, D.P., Riddell, B.E. & Murray,
C.B. 1991. Morphological difference between hatchery and wild populations of
Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Environmental versus Genetic Origin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48(9): 1783-1791.
Walton, S.E., Gan, H.M., Raghavan, R., Pinder, A.C. & Ahmad, A. 2017. Disentangling the taxonomy
of the Mahseers (Tor spp.) of Malaysia: An integrated approach
using morphology, genetics and historical records. Reviews in Fisheries
Science and Aquaculture 25(3): 171-183.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1251391
Zain, K.M. & Abdullah, M.I.C. 2019.
Length-weight relationships, condition factor and growth parameters of Periophthalmus chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1852) (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)
in Bayan Bay, Penang, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 48(2): 271-279.
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical
Analysis. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Zulkafli, A.R., Amal, M.N.A., Shohaimi,
S., Mustafa, A., Ghani, A.H., Hashim, S. & Ayub,
S. 2016. Length–weight relationships of 15 fish species from Tembeling River, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 32(1): 167-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12939
|
|||
|
